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International Journal of
Orthopaedics Research
ARCHIVES
VOL. 8, ISSUE 1 (2026)
Comparison of cervico – vertibral angle (CVA) among final year physiotherapy students during activities in outpatient department standing and classroom sitting
Authors
Shelke Pavan Ramdas, Dr. Vaishali Kale, Dr. R S Gangatharan
Abstract

Introduction: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a significant occupational health concern globally. Traffic Police Personnel (TPP) are a high-risk group due to prolonged static postures, continuous standing, and exposure to environmental stressors, predisposing them to Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WRMSDs).

Aim: To determine the prevalence, distribution, and functional impact of WMSDs among traffic police personnel in Surat, Gujarat, India.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 152 TPP aged 20–50 years. The Modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), a validated and widely used tool for screening region-specific musculoskeletal symptoms was used to capture information on 12-month pain, 12-month activity limitation, and presence of pain in the past 7 days.

Results: The most commonly affected regions in the past 12 months were the lower back (25.0%), knees (21.1%), neck (13.8%), and foot/ankle (9.9%). Activity restriction in the last 12 months was highest for the knees (10.5%), followed by the lower back (4.6%). Age-wise analysis showed that lower-back pain predominated in the younger group (20–30 years), while knee pain sharply increased with age, peaking in the 41–50-year group (48.1%).

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural deviation observed among students and healthcare professionals, especially those exposed to prolonged sitting and standing activities. The cervico-vertebral angle (CVA) is a reliable and widely accepted parameter for assessing FHP. Physiotherapy students are exposed to varying postural demands during classroom sessions and outpatient department clinical work, which may influence cervical posture.

Objectives: To measure and compare the cervico-vertebral angle (CVA) among final-year physiotherapy students during OPD standing activities and classroom sitting, and to determine the prevalence of forward head posture in both settings.

Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 final-year undergraduate physiotherapy students aged 20–25 years using convenient sampling. Lateral posture photographs were taken in classroom sitting and OPD standing positions using a digital camera mounted on a tripod. Anatomical landmarks (tragus of ear and C7 spinous process) were marked, and CVA was measured using Kinovea software. The average of two readings was considered for analysis. Data were analysed using paired and unpaired t-tests.

Results: The mean CVA was found to be significantly lower during classroom sitting compared to OPD standing, indicating increased forward head posture in the sitting position (p < 0.05). A high prevalence of forward head posture was observed among participants in both settings, with a greater prevalence during classroom sitting.

Conclusion: There is a significant difference in cervico-vertebral angle between OPD standing and classroom sitting among final-year physiotherapy students. Classroom sitting demonstrates a greater tendency toward forward head posture. Early ergonomic education and postural correction strategies are recommended to prevent long-term musculoskeletal complications.
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Pages:92-96
How to cite this article:
Shelke Pavan Ramdas, Dr. Vaishali Kale, Dr. R S Gangatharan "Comparison of cervico – vertibral angle (CVA) among final year physiotherapy students during activities in outpatient department standing and classroom sitting". International Journal of Orthopaedics Research, Vol 8, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 92-96
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