Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability globally and is increasingly reported among young adults. Undergraduate physiotherapy students represent a vulnerable population due to prolonged academic hours, practical training, patient handling, and sustained static postures, despite formal education in ergonomics.

Aim: To determine the prevalence and determinants of low back pain among undergraduate physiotherapy students.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 100 undergraduate physiotherapy students selected using simple random sampling. Data on demographic characteristics, academic and ergonomic factors, lifestyle habits, and LBP history over the past six months were collected. Disability due to LBP was assessed using MODI. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis.

Results: The 6‑month prevalence of LBP was 62%. Among affected students, 38.7% reported moderate disability, while 22.6% and 9.7% reported severe and crippling disability, respectively. Prolonged standing (>4 hours/day), improper lifting techniques, and poor sitting posture were significantly associated with LBP (p < 0.05). Logistic regression identified improper lifting technique (OR = 6.5), prolonged standing (OR = 4.8), and poor posture (OR = 3.2) as significant independent predictors.