Background and Aims: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, significantly affecting mobility and productivity. Idiopathic LBP poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D and serum albumin levels in idiopathic LBP patients and their potential association with pain severity.

Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 24 months in the Orthopaedics Department at Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi, India. Patients aged 18–50 years with idiopathic LBP were included, while those with co-morbidities or factors affecting bone metabolism were excluded. Serum albumin and vitamin D levels were measured, and pain severity was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using SPSS and GraphPad Prism, with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant.

Results: Most participants were aged 31–40 years, and females constituted the majority (52.7%). Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 21.8% of patients, insufficiency in 35.5%, and normal levels in 42.7%. No significant association was found between gender and vitamin D levels (p = 0.211). VAS scores and serum albumin levels did not vary significantly among groups, but vitamin D levels showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001).